What is TESA?
TESA stands for Testicular Sperm Aspiration. It is a simple medical procedure used to treat male infertility. During TESA, a doctor collects sperm directly from the testicle using a thin needle. This method helps men who have little or no sperm in their semen. Often, TESA is used with other fertility treatments, such as IVF (in vitro fertilization) or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). Because TESA for male infertility is safe and effective, it is now a common choice for many couples.
Who Needs TESA? (Indications)
Not every man with infertility needs TESA. However, some men benefit more from this sperm retrieval technique. Usually, doctors suggest TESA for:
- Men with no sperm in their semen (azoospermia)
- Men with blocked sperm ducts
- Men who have had a vasectomy
- Men with failed sperm production but healthy testicles
- Cases where other sperm retrieval methods did not work
For example, if a man cannot release sperm naturally, TESA may help. In addition, men with genetic or hormonal problems may also need this procedure.
How is TESA Performed? (Procedure Overview)
First, the doctor numbs the area with local anesthesia. Next, a thin needle is gently inserted into the testicle. Then, the doctor draws out a small amount of tissue. After that, the tissue is checked under a microscope for healthy sperm. The whole TESA procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes. Because it is a minor surgery, most men go home the same day. Here are the main steps:
- Clean and numb the skin over the testicle
- Insert a fine needle into the testicle
- Aspirate (draw out) a small tissue sample
- Check the sample for sperm in the lab
- Store or use the sperm for fertility treatments
Sometimes, doctors may repeat the process if more sperm is needed. However, the procedure is usually quick and safe.
Benefits of TESA
TESA offers several advantages for men facing infertility. For instance, it allows sperm retrieval even when none is found in the semen. Here are some key benefits:
- Minimally invasive with no large cuts
- Quick recovery time
- Can be done under local anesthesia
- Helps couples use their own sperm for IVF or ICSI
- Provides hope for men with blocked or damaged sperm ducts
Moreover, TESA is less painful than open surgery. Because of these benefits, many fertility clinics recommend TESA for male infertility.
Risks and Possible Side Effects
Like any medical procedure, TESA has some risks. However, most side effects are mild and go away quickly. Common risks include:
- Minor pain or swelling at the needle site
- Bruising or mild bleeding
- Infection (rare)
- Temporary discomfort in the testicle
In rare cases, there may be more serious problems, such as damage to the testicle. But with skilled doctors, these risks are very low. If you notice severe pain, fever, or heavy bleeding, contact your doctor right away.
Recovery and Aftercare
After TESA, most men recover quickly. Usually, you can go home the same day. To help healing, doctors suggest:
- Rest for a few hours after the procedure
- Apply ice packs to reduce swelling
- Avoid heavy lifting or exercise for 1–2 days
- Wear supportive underwear for comfort
- Take pain medicine if needed
Most men return to normal activities within a day or two. However, always follow your doctor’s advice for the best recovery.
Success Rates and What to Expect
TESA has good success rates, especially when used with advanced fertility treatments. According to medical studies, sperm is found in about 50–70% of cases. However, success depends on the cause of infertility and the man’s health. Even if sperm is found, pregnancy rates depend on the woman’s age and other factors. For many couples, TESA offers a real chance to have a baby with their own sperm.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Is TESA painful? Most men feel only mild discomfort. Local anesthesia helps reduce pain.
- Can I return to work after TESA? Yes, most men return to work the next day.
- Will TESA affect my hormones? No, TESA does not change hormone levels or sexual function.
- How soon can I try for pregnancy after TESA? You can use the retrieved sperm right away with IVF or ICSI.
- Is TESA safe? Yes, TESA is considered safe when done by experienced doctors.
Conclusion and Next Steps
In summary, TESA for male infertility is a safe and effective way to retrieve sperm. It helps many men become fathers, even when other methods fail. If you or your partner face infertility, TESA may be an option. Consult a fertility specialist at Vardaan Hospital & IVF Centre to discuss if TESA is right for you.